In 1965, an intriguing discovery unfolded in the village of Mezhyrich, located in central Ukraine, near the confluence of the Rosava River and the Ros. While expanding his cellar, a farmer unearthed the lower jawbone of a mammoth, igniting a series of excavations that would reveal a remarkable glimpse into prehistoric life. Subsequent digging uncovered four distinct huts constructed primarily from the bones of mammoths, totaling 149 individual bones. These structures are estimated to be around 15,000 years old, making them among the oldest known shelters created by early humans.
The mammoth-bone huts were ingeniously designed, arranged in a rough circular formation with diameters ranging from 6 to 10 meters (approximately 20 to 33 feet). This circular layout not only provided structural stability but also created a communal living space that likely fostered social interaction among its inhabitants. Within these huts, a central hearth was typically situated, serving as a vital source of warmth and light. Archaeologists have found stone tools, animal remains, and various debris scattered both inside and outside the structures, providing insights into the daily lives and activities of these prehistoric people.
These dwellings were constructed primarily using the massive bones and tusks of mammoths, showcasing the resourcefulness of early humans who adapted their building techniques to utilize the available materials in their environment. It is believed that the huts were covered with animal skins or other organic materials to provide insulation against the harsh climatic conditions of the time, which included extreme cold and high winds.
The significance of the Mezhyrich site extends beyond its age; it illustrates the sophisticated understanding of architecture and community that existed among prehistoric populations. The mammoth-bone dwellings are not just shelters; they represent a critical adaptation to the Ice Age environment, highlighting how early humans ingeniously used their surroundings to meet their needs for survival. The site continues to offer invaluable insights into the social, technological, and environmental contexts of our ancestors, marking it as a significant archaeological treasure in the study of human history
